What is the term for a female chicken that lays eggs?

The term for a female chicken that lays eggs is "hen." Hens are mature female chickens, typically defined as being over one year old, and they are known for their ability to produce eggs regularly. Unlike pullets, which are younger female chickens that have not yet begun to lay eggs, hens are fully developed in their egg-laying capabilities.

Capon refers to a male chicken that has been castrated, typically raised for meat rather than for laying eggs. Rooster is the term for a male chicken, and they are primarily known for their role in mating and protection of the flock, rather than egg production. Therefore, among the given choices, "hen" correctly identifies the female chicken that lays eggs, distinguishing it from younger females and males.