In bovine (cattle), what is a female that has not had a calf called?

A female bovine that has not yet had a calf is known as a heifer. This term specifically describes a young female, typically one that is less than two to three years old and has not yet reached maturity or experienced her first calving. Understanding the terminology related to cattle is crucial for managing livestock, as it impacts breeding decisions, care, and overall animal management.

Cows are fully mature females that have already given birth to at least one calf, which distinguishes them from heifers. A steer is a castrated male bovine, and a calf refers to a very young bovine regardless of sex. Therefore, heifer accurately describes the status of a female bovine that is yet to calve, highlighting its relevance in the context of animal science and livestock management.