How many cycles of division does meiosis undergo?

Meiosis undergoes two cycles of division, which is essential for the process of gametogenesis—producing haploid gametes from diploid germ cells. The first division, known as meiosis I, separates homologous chromosomes, effectively reducing the chromosome number by half. This is the pivotal moment where genetic diversity is achieved through processes such as crossing over and independent assortment.

The second division, meiosis II, is similar to mitosis and separates sister chromatids. By the end of meiosis, four genetically diverse haploid cells are produced, ready to participate in fertilization. This two-phase division process ensures the proper distribution of chromosomes to the gametes and is crucial for sexual reproduction. Understanding this fundamental aspect of cellular reproduction is key in animal science, as it highlights how genetic variation is introduced in populations.